![]() A higher compression ratio will therefore produce a smaller compressed dataset. The level of compression achieved can be quantitatively expressed as the compression ratio (N 1:N 2) where N 1 denotes the file size of the uncompressed data and N 2 denotes the file size of the compressed data. ![]() The 12-bit encoding of many DICOM images (2 12 = 4096) is therefore in some circumstances redundant note that windowing and levelling allow only parts of this range to be shown similarly spatial resolution may be redundant a 16 megapixel image shown on a 4 megapixel display is redundant (unless zooming and panning which may take advantage of this extra data)Ī variety of techniques can be used to perform image compression 2 and compression of medical imaging is subject to international standards 3. Refers to instances where the observer is unable to perceive beyond a certain level of detail, rendering additional detail beyond this point redundantįor example, the human eye can only perceive a maximum of approximately 900 shades of grey (from black to white) 1 In Rain, Steam, and Speed The Great Western Railway (1844) Oil painting. Run-length encoding uses this principle to compress data Turner was one of the first artists implementing the time-space compression aspects. This redundancy could be compressed using a control character (*) indicating the subsequent two digits represented A) the number of repeats followed by B) the value being repeated (i.e. Refers to the suboptimal encoding of pixel data, particularly when there are repeated patterns of pixels, for instance, areas of uniform colour a line of 8 pixels that all have a grey value of 9 would normally be expressed as ‘99999999. Refers to unnecessary inefficiency in the coding system used for dataįor example, if 1 byte (8 bits) is used to represent the level of grey in each pixel for an image that only contains 16 levels of grey, then 4 bits will be redundant a pixel value of 15 could be expressed using 4 bits as ‘1111’ instead of using 8 bits as ‘00001111’ Lossy compression, in contrast, is defined by the permanent loss of data during compression, which typically results in smaller file sizes JPG is a typical example of a lossy image formatĬompression is possible due to coding redundancy, image redundancy and observer limitation: Lossless compression retains all original data, for example PNG and TIFF formats can be saved with lossless compression Bullivant and Hudson both use strikingly innovative formal means in order to explore the blockages in time and space that underlie and qualify Bonobo’s utopian vision.Image compression is a technique applied to digital images to decrease the amount of space required to store an image and increase the speed with which the image can be retrieved or transmitted. Financial capital passes quickly and seamlessly over the entire globe, while human bodies are all too often boxed in, shut out or even exterminated. ![]() Under the regime of globalised capitalism, not all substances transport themselves in time and through space with the same degree of ease. But the music videos for several of the tracks on this album – particularly Dave Bullivant’s video for ‘Kerala’ and Oscar Hudson’s video for ‘No Reason’ – tease out and complicate our sense of what is at stake in the processes of globe-spanning migration. The music blends multiple styles and sonic motifs from around the world in order to produce a cosmopolitan vision of multiple cultures, mutually influencing one another and coexisting in harmony. Bonobo’s 2017 album Migration is about shifting identities and passages from place to place: the migratory movement of bodies through space and time.
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